1. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). [DOI:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596]

2. Bag, S. D., Kilby, C. J., Kent, J. N., Brooker, J., & Sherman, K. A. (2022). Resilience, self-compassion, and indices of psychological wellbeing: a not so simple set of relationships. Australian Psychologist, 57(4), 249-257. [DOI:10.1080/00050067.2022.2089543]

3. Beck, A. T. (1996). Manual for the beck depression inventory-II. (No Title). [DOI:10.1037/t00742-000]

4. Bishop, A., Younan, R., Low, J., & Pilkington, P. D. (2022). Early maladaptive schemas and depression in adulthood: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 29(1), 111-130. [DOI:10.1002/cpp.2630] [PMID]

5. Cámara, M., & Calvete, E. (2012). Early maladaptive schemas as moderators of the impact of stressful events on anxiety and depression in university students. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 34, 58-68. [DOI:10.1007/s10862-011-9261-6]

6. Cormier, A., Jourda, B., Laros, C., Walburg, V., & Callahan, S. (2011). Influence between early maladaptive schemas and depression. L'encephale, 37(4), 293-298. [DOI:10.1016/j.encep.2011.01.001] [PMID]

7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2023). Youth risk behavior survey data summary & trends report. 2011-21.

8. Diedrich, A., Grant, M., Hofmann, S. G., Hiller, W., & Berking, M. (2014). Self-compassion as an emotion regulation strategy in major depressive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 58, 43-51. [DOI:10.1016/j.brat.2014.05.006] [PMID]

9. Dobson, K. S., & Mohammadkhani, P. (2007). Mokhtasat-e ravansanji-ye porshename-ye afsordagi-ye Beck-2 dar mobtalayan be ekhtelal-e afsordagi-ye asasi dar dore-ye behbudi-ye nesbi. [Psychometric characteristics of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in patients with major depressive disorder during partial remission]. Neshr-ye Tavanbakhshi, 8(29).

10. Dundas, I., Svendsen, J. L., Wiker, A. S., Granli, K. V., & Schanche, E. (2016). Self-compassion and depressive symptoms in a Norwegian student sample. Nordic Psychology, 68(1), 58-72. [DOI:10.1080/19012276.2015.1071203]

11. Eftekhari, A., Hejazi, M., & Yazdani, K. (2018). Predicting marital satisfaction through early maladaptive schemas and communication styles of couples. International Journal of Psychology (IPA), 12(2), 118-146. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/ijpb.2018.60303 [DOI:10.24200/ijpb.2018.60303]

12. Fata, L., Birashk, B., Atef Vahid, M. K., & Dobson, K. S. (2005). Sakhtarhaye ma'nagozari/tarhvareha, halathaye hayejani va pardazesh shenakhti ettela'at hayejani: moghayeseye do charchube mafhumi [Meaning Structures/Schemas, Emotional States and Cognitive Processing of Emotional Information: Comparing Two Conceptual Frameworks]. Andisheh va Raftar, 11(3), 312-326.

13. Ghiyasi, M., Moludi, H., Neshatdust, H. T., & Salavati, M. (2011). Barrasi-ye sakhtar-e amali-ye porshename-ye tarhvare-ye Young (noskhe-ye sevom form-e kotah) [An Investigation of the Factor Structure of the Young Schema Questionnaire (Short Form, 3rd edition)]. Journal of Psychological Achievements, 5(18), 93-118.

14. Gilbert, P. (2014). The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 53(1), 6-41. [DOI:10.1111/bjc.12043] [PMID]

15. Gilbert, P., & Procter, S. (2006). Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self‐criticism: Overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory & Practice, 13(6), 353-379. [DOI:10.1002/cpp.507]

16. Gjerde, L. C., Eilertsen, E. M., Reichborn‐Kjennerud, T., McAdams, T. A., Zachrisson, H. D., Zambrana, I. M., ... & Ystrom, E. (2017). Maternal perinatal and concurrent depressive symptoms and child behavior problems: a sibling comparison study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58(7), 779-786. [DOI:10.1111/jcpp.12704] [PMID] []

17. Goetz, J. L., Keltner, D., & Simon-Thomas, E. (2010). Compassion: an evolutionary analysis and empirical review. Psychological bulletin, 136(3), 351. [DOI:10.1037/a0018807] [PMID] []

18. Goldman, L. S. (2019). Depression. In R. Kliegman, B. Stanton, J. St. Geme, & N. Schor (Eds.), Nelson textbook of pediatrics (21st ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier.

19. Halvorsen, M., Wang, C. E., Eisemann, M., & Waterloo, K. (2010). Dysfunctional attitudes and early maladaptive schemas as predictors of depression: A 9-year follow-up study. Cognitive therapy and research, 34, 368-379. [DOI:10.1007/s10608-009-9259-5]

20. Halvorsen, M., Wang, C. E., Richter, J., Myrland, I., Pedersen, S. K., Eisemann, M., & Waterloo, K. (2009). Early maladaptive schemas, temperament and character traits in clinically depressed and previously depressed subjects. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory & Practice, 16(5), 394-407. [DOI:10.1002/cpp.618] [PMID]

21. Hankin, B. L., Mermelstein, R., & Roesch, L. (2007). Sex differences in adolescent depression: Stress exposure and reactivity models. Child Development, 78(1), 279-295. [DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.00997.x] [PMID]

22. Hou, X. L., Bian, X. H., Zuo, Z. H., Xi, J. Z., Ma, W. J., & Owens, L. D. (2021). Childhood maltreatment on young adult depression: A moderated mediation model of negative automatic thoughts and self-compassion. Journal of Health Psychology, 26(13), 2552-2562. [DOI:10.1177/1359105320918351] [PMID]

23. Kianmoghadam, E. (2018). The relationship between metacognitive beliefs and depression: The mediating role of rumination and experiential avoidance. Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research, 26(118), 47-58.

24. Khosravi, S., Sadeghi, M., & Yabandeh, M. (2013). Kefayat-e ravansanji-ye meghayas-e shafaghat-e khod (SCS) [Psychometric Properties of Self-Compassion Scale (SCS)]. Faslname-ye Elmi-ye Raveshha va Modelha-ye Ravanshenakhti, 4(13), 47-59. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22285516.1392.4.13.3.2

25. Kring, A. M., Davison, G. C., Neale, J. M., & Johnson, S. L. (2017). Abnormal psychology: The science and treatment of psychological disorders (13th ed.). H. Shamsipour & S. Sabaghipour (2023), New York: Wiley.

26. Legg, T. J., & Goldman, L. (2019). What is depression and what can I do about it. Medical News Today. Retrieved from www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8933 on June, 18, 2021.

27. Liu, A., Xu, B., Liu, M., Wang, W., & Wu, X. (2023). The reciprocal relations among self‐compassion, and depression among adolescents after the Jiuzhaigou earthquake: A three‐wave cross‐lagged study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 79(8), 1786-1798.‏ [DOI:10.1002/jclp.23501] [PMID]

28. López, A., Sanderman, R., & Schroevers, M. J. (2018). A close examination of the relationship between self-compassion and depressive symptoms. Mindfulness, 9, 1470-1478. [DOI:10.1007/s12671-018-0891-6] [PMID] []

29. Martin, K. P., M Blair, S., Clark, G. I., Rock, A. J., & Hunter, K. R. (2018). Trait mindfulness moderates the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and depressive symptoms. Mindfulness, 9, 140-150. [DOI:10.1007/s12671-017-0753-7]

30. Mengelkoch, S., & Slavich, G. M. (2024). Sex Differences in Stress Susceptibility as a Key Mechanism Underlying Depression Risk. Current Psychiatry Reports, 26(4), 157-165.‏ [DOI:10.1007/s11920-024-01490-8] [PMID] []

31. Neff, K. D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and identity, 2(3), 223-250. [DOI:10.1080/15298860309027]

32. Özyeşil, Z., & Akbağ, M. (2013). Self-compassion as a protective factor for depression, anxiety and stress: a research on Turkish university students. The Online Journal of Counseling and Education.

33. Raes, F. (2011). The effect of self-compassion on the development of depression symptoms in a non-clinical sample. Mindfulness, 2, 33-36. [DOI:10.1007/s12671-011-0040-y]

34. Raisi, F. (2019). Pishbini-ye parishani-ye ravanshenakhti barasas-e tarhvareha-ye nasaazgar-e avvalie: ba miyanjigari-ye zehn-agahi va shafaghat be khod [Predicting psychological distress based on early maladaptive schemas: With the mediating role of mindfulness and self-compassion] [Master's thesis, Shahed University]

35. Rahmani, M. A., & Bahmani, V. (2017). Rabete-ye beyne tarhvareha-ye nasaazgar-e avvalie ba afsordagi-ye zanan pas az zayeman [The Relationship Between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Postpartum Depression in Women]. The 4th Scientific Research Conference on Educational Sciences and Psychology, Social and Cultural Damages of Iran, Tehran.

36. Renner, F., Lobbestael, J., Peeters, F., Arntz, A., & Huibers, M. (2012). Early maladaptive schemas in depressed patients: Stability and relation with depressive symptoms over the course of treatment. Journal of affective disorders, 136(3), 581-590. [DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2011.10.027] [PMID]

37. Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2015). Kaplan & Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry (11th ed.). F. Rezaei (2021), Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

38. Salgó, E., Bajzát, B., & Unoka, Z. (2021). Schema modes and their associations with emotion regulation, mindfulness, and self-compassion among patients with personality disorders. Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, 8(1), 1-14. [DOI:10.1186/s40479-021-00160-y] [PMID] []

39. Salk, R. H., Hyde, J. S., & Abramson, L. Y. (2017). Gender differences in depression in representative national samples: Meta-analyses of diagnoses and symptoms. Psychological bulletin, 143(8), 783.‏ [DOI:10.1037/bul0000102] [PMID] []

40. Santona, A., Tagini, A., Sarracino, D., De Carli, P., Pace, C. S., Parolin, L., & Terrone, G. (2015). Maternal depression and attachment: the evaluation of mother-child interactions during feeding practice. Frontiers in psychology, 6, 1235. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01235]

41. Segal, D. L., Coolidge, F. L., Cahill, B. S., & O'Riley, A. A. (2008). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) among community-dwelling older adults. Behavior modification, 32(1), 3-20. [DOI:10.1177/0145445507303833] [PMID]

42. Sharifi Saki, Sh., Alipour, A., AghaYousefi, A. Mohammadi, M., Ghobari Bonab, B., & Anbiaee, R. (2018). Barrasi-ye rabete-ye sabr va shafaghat be khod ba afsordagi dar zanan mobtala be saratan-e pestan Relationship of Patience and Self- Compassion with Depression in Patients with Breast Cancer]. Iranian Quarterly Journal of Breast Disease, 11(2), 36-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30699/acadpub.ijbd..11.2.36 [DOI:10.30699/acadpub.ijbd..11.2.36]

43. Shorey, R. C., Elmquist, J., Anderson, S., & Stuart, G. L. (2015). The relationship between early maladaptive schemas, depression, and generalized anxiety among adults seeking residential treatment for substance use disorders. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 47(3), 230-238. [DOI:10.1080/02791072.2015.1050133] [PMID] []

44. Tariq, A., Reid, C., & Chan, S. W. (2021). A meta-analysis of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and depression in adolescence and young adulthood. Psychological Medicine, 51(8), 1233-1248.‏ [DOI:10.1017/S0033291721001458] [PMID]

45. Thimm, J. C. (2017). Relationships between early maladaptive schemas, mindfulness, self-compassion, and psychological distress. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 17(1), 3-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/apm-20-1582 [DOI:10.21037/apm-20-1582] [PMID]

46. Wei, S., Li, L., Shi, J., Liang, H., & Yang, X. (2021). Self-compassion mediates the perfectionism and depression link on Chinese undergraduates. Annals of Palliative Medicine, 10(2), 1950-1960. [DOI:10.21037/apm-20-1582] [PMID]

47. Westphal, M., Leahy, R. L., Pala, A. N., & Wupperman, P. (2016). Self-compassion and emotional invalidation mediate the effects of parental indifference on psychopathology. Psychiatry Research, 242, 186-191. [DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.05.040] [PMID]

48. Wu, Q., Chi, P., Lin, X., & Du, H. (2018). Child maltreatment and adult depressive symptoms: Roles of self-compassion and gratitude. Child Abuse & Neglect, 80, 62-69. [DOI:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.03.013] [PMID]

49. Yakın, D. (2015). Towards an integrative perspective on the interplay between early maladaptive schemas and well-being: the role of early recollections, self-compassion and emotion regulation.

50. Young, J. E., & Brown, G. (2005). Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form; Version 3 (YSQ-S3, YSQ) [Database record]. APA PsycTests. [DOI:10.1037/t67023-000]

51. Young, J. E., Weinberger, A. D., Beck, A. T., & Barlow, D. H. (2001). Cognitive therapy for depression. Clinical handbook of psychological disorders: A Step-by-Step Treatment Manual, 3, 264-308.

52. Yousefi, N., Etemadi, O., Bahrami, F. (2008). Barresi-ye shakhesha-ye ravansanji-ye porshename-ye tarhvareha-ye nasazegar-e avvalie [An examination of the psychometric properties of the Young Schema Questionnaire in Iran] [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Isfahan]

53. Zhang, H., Watson-Singleton, N. N., Pollard, S. E., Pittman, D. M., Lamis, D. A., Fischer, N. L., ... & Kaslow, N. J. (2019). Self-criticism and depressive symptoms: Mediating role of self-compassion. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying, 80(2), 202-223. [DOI:10.1177/0030222817729609] [PMID]

54. Zhao, Y., Han, L., Teopiz, K. M., McIntyre, R. S., Ma, R., & Cao, B. (2022). The psychological factors mediating/moderating the association between childhood adversity and depression: A systematic review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 137, 104663.‏ [DOI:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104663] [PMID]